A term used to describe the variety of life found on Earth. A common measure is "species richness", i.e. the count of species found in an area, as is "pristineness" i.e. the extent to which a natural ecosystem has been disturbed.

The clearance or removal of forest on land that is then converted to a different land use; such as farms, ranches or urban uses

A network of individuals and/or companies who are involved in making a product for a consumer. For example, the supply chain of a chocolate bar may include producers (who grow the raw materials), processors (who turn raw materials into something you can make chocolate from), logistics (who move the product through each stage of production), packaging and marketing.

Materiality refers to the relevance and importance of GHG emissions and other sustainability factors in relation to a company's operations, performance, and impact on the environment and stakeholders. Materiality involves identifying which issues are most important for the company to consider and report on, in order to accurately and transparently communicate its sustainability performance to stakeholders.

CDP (formally known as Carbon Disclosure Project) runs the largest global disclosure system, covering thousands of companies, cities, states and regions.

Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosures. The TCFD has developed a framework to enable companies to effectively disclose climate-related risks and opportunities through their existing reporting processes. https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/

Emission factors are conversion factors applied to activity data to enable the conversion from raw data to estimated GHG emissions. In calculating GHG emissions from a particular source, geographically relevant and up-to-date factors should be sourced, and care must be taken when selecting the factor.

A greenhouse gas (GHG or GhG) is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse gases (GHG) included in the atmospheric emissions are those covered by the Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) . These gases contribute directly to global warming and climate change, because of their positive radiative forcing effect. The potential of each GHG to cause global warming is assessed in relation to a given weight of CO2, so all greenhouse gas emissions are measured as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e).